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American Iranian Council Blog

  • 2011-09-19 06:57

    A U.S. newspaper says the United States is considering trying to establish a direct military hotline with Iran in order to defuse potential confrontations between the two countries' military forces.

    The Wall Street Journal reported Monday that one proposal would create a link between the Iranian Navy and the U.S. Navy's Fifth Fleet, which is based in the Gulf island nation of Bahrain.

     

    The newspaper said U.S. officials are particularly concerned about a fleet of speedboats likely controlled by Iran's elite Revolutionary Guard, which they say has been involved in several near-altercations.

     

    The report says it is unclear if the hotline idea has been raised with Iran, and said the White House, Pentagon and an Iranian diplomat all declined to comment on the matter. The United States has not had diplomatic relations with Iran since 1980.

     

    The Journal quoted Pentagon press secretary George Little saying the U.S. remains concerned about “Iran's destabilizing activities and ambitions.”

    Iran-US relations
  • 2011-07-26 19:55
    Iran and Indian relations are defined by the export and import of crude oil. But with the U.S. sanctions as they stand today along with the world financial instability the Indian government finds itself in debt with Iran. India currently owes the Islamic Republic 5 billion dollars, and the debt is mounting.
     
    The difficulty lies in the U.S. sanctions, which prohibit transactions with the use of the dollar with Iran. Thus banks are afraid of handling such transactions out of fear and the country finds itself out of options.
     
    Indian refineries, which import crude oil from Iran, are now stuck between a rock and a hard place as they nervously await the month of august, a month where it is still unclear whether they will be importing fuel from Iran.
     
    With the third week of July over, Iran has yet to signal a continuance of trade with India. Such a signal indicates that India needs to find a solution to the payment problem, or else face the consequences.
     
    India imports 400,000 barrels of crude from Iran a day and with such a supply cut off, the country could face disastrous results.
     
    There are four reasons why the crisis is especially difficult for India to find a solution.
     
    First is that India exports very little to Iran meanwhile importing a lot. This means that the country cannot hope to barter with Iran and hope to recoup the debt and the cost of importing crude oil with a form of goods exchange.  
    Ahmadinejad, diplomacy
  • 2011-07-26 19:45
    Iran’s President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was in the southern Kerman Province on Thursday, in an official ceremony to celebrate the registration of Shahzadeh Mahan Garden on UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

    In what was the 35th session of the World Heritage Committee UNESCO decided to register the Iranian garden on its list.

    The Shahzadeh Mahan Garden, which is located at 35 km southeast of Kerman city, was constructed during the Qajar dynasty, at the time of the 11-year old sovereignty of Abdolhamid Mirza Naseroldoleh.

    However, Shahzadeh Mahan Garden is not the first or the only Iranian garden that has been registered on UNESCO’s list; rather it is the ninth.

    Former gardens that have been featured on the World Heritage List include: Pasargad (Isfahan), Eram (Shiraz), Dowlatabad (Yazd), Pahlevanpur (Mehriz), Chehelsotoun (Isfahan), Fin (Kashan), Abbasabad (Behshahr) and Akbarieh (Birjan).

    Each garden has a distinctive flavor and provides visitors with a unique atmosphere, a rich ambience and genuine experience; one that exemplifies the growth and diversity of Persian garden designs; as each evolved through time, adapting to climate conditions and historical events.

    The gardens originate from different points of history, each spanning generations and carrying through its foundations the story of its times. The different origins also point to the various constructs employed; the gardens consist of buildings, pavilions and walls, as well as sophisticated irrigation systems. They have even influenced the art of garden design from as far reaches as India to Spain.
  • 2011-07-22 21:27

    To paraphrase Ronald Reagan, I wonder what the Ten Commandments would have looked like if Moses had first discussed them on talk radio. Having found myself at the center of a bizarre series of stories claiming that Israel is planning to attack Iran in September as a result of some speculative answers to a talk-show host's questions, I think I now know.

     

    Last week, my friend Ian Masters, who hosts the Los Angeles talk-show "Background Briefing", called me up to talk about the Arab spring, and especially what would happen if Israel were to attack Iran. He was struck by the comments of recently retired Mossad chief Meir Dagan, saying that an increasingly paranoid and isolated Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was considering launching a reckless attack on Iran's nuclear facilities, and doing that soon. Would an Israeli strike put a spike in the Arab spring? That was unknowable, I said, but the resulting crisis would certainly give repressive regimes the excuse to crack down a lot harder on the street.

     

    On air, we got into it with Syria, but then quickly moved to Dagan's comments. I noted there have been other recently retired senior Israeli security officials who'd said much the same thing, including the well-respected chief of staff, Gabi Ashkenazi. So far so good, but, as these things go on radio, fact quickly turned to speculation. I offered that Israelis of this stature don't wash dirty laundry in public unless there's a serious problem, and therefore that I doubted that these comments were all part of some grand, calculated bluff to intimidate the Iranians to give up their nuclear program under threat of being bombed.

     

    Warming to the subject, I chattered on about how I'd heard there was a "warning order" at the Pentagon to prepare for a conflict with Iran. I was about to add that that this was not unusual; there are warning orders all the time, and it could have nothing to do with Israeli or anything it was or wasn't planning for Iran. (Defense Secretary Leon Panetta, after all, is accusing Iran of being behind the sharp uptick in deadly attacks on U.S. forces in Iraq.) But time was short, and the host needed to finish up for the next guest.

     

    This was a wide-ranging speculative conversation on a local radio station, two like minds kibitzing, as media pundits so often do, with no inside information to back our interpretations of the significance of the flood of former senior Israeli security officials warning that Netanyahu is crazy and likely to do something rash. "If I was forced to bet," I ventured, "I'd say we're going to have some sort of conflict in the next couple of months, unless this is all just a masterful bluff — which I can't believe the Iranians would succumb to — I think the chances of it being a bluff are remote." Not exactly claiming to know any more than any other tea-leaf reader.

     

    International Relations, US-Iran relations
  • 2011-07-22 20:41

    United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime chief Yury Fedotov is on a three day trip to Iran, to speak with officials in Tehran about Iran’s serious problems with drug addiction and narcotics trafficking.

     

    The trip includes visits to border regions near Afghanistan and Pakistan as well as a drug rehabilitation center, in order to fully assess the situation with Iran’s drug trafficking and its response capabilities to addiction.

     

    Iranian state-run media reports President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has called for global cooperation in the fight against drug trafficking, during talks with Fedotov on Wednesday.

     

    UNODC says Iran has the world's highest rate of opium and heroin seizures. The agency also says Iran faces “one of the world's most serious addiction problems” but is providing effective drug treatment and HIV control services, partly as a result of support from non-governmental agencies.

     

    Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad blamed the West for his region's drug problems during a speech to recovered addicts in June.

     

    In addition, western human rights groups say Iran has executed hundreds convicted of drug crimes in the last year.

    change, US-Iran relations
  • 2011-07-22 20:29

    The Obama administration has criticized the Iranian regime and its policies and the United States and other countries have put tough sanctions on Iran. The question remains, however, how the Iranian rulers perceive the situation. In their speeches and writings, they argue that America is weak and crumbling. This is, in part, propaganda, but to a considerable degree it is also clear that they believe this to be true. For example in an article that recently appeared on Gerdab, a website run by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, postings conclude that America is worn out from its involvement in multiple Middle East wars and that in the event that Iran does produce an atomic bomb, the country is too strained to attack Iran; and it would not allow Israel to take such action.

     

    The Guards in their analysis quote British Middle East analyst Patrick Seale, who in recent comments pointed to the depletion of American stamina. Seale maintained that the U.S. has begun a quiet and deliberate withdrawal from the Middle East and that it is incapable of confronting Iran even if it is verified that the Iranians are on the verge of developing nuclear weapons.

     

    The article states that it is a rare instance where Arab leaders, activists, intellectuals, and allies simultaneously face the same challenge they are all dealing with this summer. All equations inside and outside the Arab world are shifting.

     

    According to the article quoting Seale, there are two main issues whose resolution will have major influence on the future of the Arab world. The first is clearer and that is regarding the revolutionary wave radiating throughout the region:

     

    The main question therefore is, how can it be assured that the big burst of energy that produced the populistic force can have a positive effect; meaning that can this power that the Arab Spring created remain just, stable, and burgeoning, while making sure that it does not turn violent and chaotic?

  • 2011-07-22 19:27

    1. Shahnameh (The Book of Kings) by Abolqasem Ferdowsi

    Written in the 10th century, this is our Iliad and Odyssey rolled into one. More than 30 years in the writing, this epic poem contains 60,000 verses and tells the mythical – and actual – history of Iran, from the Creation until the Muslim conquest of Iran in the 7th century. This work saved and recorded Iranian national identity, and was responsible for keeping our language – and culture – distinct from the Arabs'. It contains not just heroic tales of battle but also love stories and philosophical tracts. This is our reference to all things pre-Arabic – as well a favourite place to find a baby's name.

     

    2. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood and Persepolis 2: The Story of a Return by Marjane Satrapi

    These graphic stories are splendid – not just in their deceptively simple black and white drawings, but in the way Satrapi manages to tell the story of the revolution in Iran and her subsequent exile and return from the irreverent point of view of the rebellious child that she was. The history of Iran presented in her book is not exactly objective but no matter, these books are funny and moving.

     

    3. The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran by Roy Mottahedeh

    First published in 1985, Harvard professor Mottahedeh's book is a must-read for anyone interested not just in Ayatollah Khomeini, the roots of the revolution and the origins of the Islamic Republic, but for fans of a good novel too – it's written as compellingly as a good thriller. He sets the biography of Khomeini against the backdrop of Iranian religious thought, from Zoroaster to key modern-day Islamic thinkers, contextualising our modern history – and his style is a pleasure to read.

     

    4. The Conference of the Birds by Farid Attar

    In Iran there are a whole host of mystical medieval poets and thinkers – Rumi, Hafez, Sa'adi, Khayyam – each one a Shakespeare in their own right, so it is hard to pick just one. The Conference of the Birds is a 12th-century masterpiece, written by another Persian Sufi, Attar. It is an allegorical 4,500-line poem telling the tale of when all the birds of the world gathered to try and find a just ruler. Setting out the mystical doctrine of Sufism in rhyming couplets, it is a deeply spiritual piece of work which can also be enjoyed as pure literature.

     

    5. The Story of Leyla and Majnun by Nizami

    The most famous telling of a celebrated love story, this 12th-century epic is thought to have inspired everyone from Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet) to Derek and the Dominos (who named their album after Leyla). Of course, in the great Iranian mystical tradition, it is also an allegory of the soul's search for God.

    Iran, Iranian Studies, Persia
  • 2011-07-22 16:37

    Iran is a different case because the country already had a revolution in 1979.  Even those Iranians who are in the opposition called for reform within the system rather than revolution.  It is not a climate of fear that explains the survival of the Islamic Republic but the absence of revolutionary fervor.  No state can cling to power merely through brute force.

    What we are experiencing in Iran is what I have called a 'pluralistic momentum' in my book, Iran in World Politics.  The state is not a monolith.  Rather the contrary it is being dissected from within and under the pressure of an embattled civil society. Hence, the political process in Iran cannot be monopolized by one single actor.  
     
    Neither can the politics of the country be determined by the use of systematic violence…Yes, the state has an imperfect and arbitrary judicial system, yes at the height of the demonstrations it used systematic violence to subdue the demonstrators and yes the current administration of President Ahmadinejad cannot shirk the responsibility of what happened, but that is as far as it goes.
     
    There is no penchant for revolution in Iran.  The Green Movement was the reincarnation of previous reform movements.  But its leaders, especially Moussavi made several tactical mistakes which I believe was due to a lack of political strategy.  I would say that a) there is no clear cut backing of the Green Movement that runs through all strata of Iranian society and classes and b) that the Iranian state is sufficiently endowed with hard power -- military, police, intelligence services etc -- and soft power, such as ideological devices, to navigate through occasional outbursts of dissent.
     
    The Green Movement is politically dead but socially active, that is to say the calls for reforms articulated by its leaders continue to reverberate within Iranian society, but as a political force they are discredited.

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